CT Scan of Abdomen and Pelvis (with and without contrast)

Here the abdomen and pelvis are scanned more than once in the same sitting — first with no dye, then again after dye is injected. The point is the comparison: how a kidney mass or an adrenal nodule changes between the two sets of pictures is often the finding itself. It is one billing code, not two scans.

This explanation has not been reviewed by a person yet.

What it is

Some questions cannot be answered by a single picture, only by a change between two. A lump in a kidney that is already bright before any dye goes in behaves very differently from one that only brightens afterward, and that behavior is often what tells a radiologist whether it is a harmless cyst, a benign growth or something that needs a surgeon. So the scanner runs once over the abdomen and pelvis before the injection and at least once more after it, and the radiologist reads the sets side by side. Covering the pelvis as well as the abdomen matters when the structure in question runs between them — the urinary tract, for example, which starts at the kidneys and ends at the bladder.

Why it is done

  • To characterize a mass in a kidney, liver or adrenal gland that an earlier scan or ultrasound spotted but could not explain
  • To investigate blood in the urine, where the whole tract from kidney to bladder has to be seen both before and after dye reaches it
  • To search for the source of internal bleeding, where the unenhanced images show where blood has already collected and the enhanced ones can show it actively leaking
  • To follow a finding that was called indeterminate the first time, when a single-phase scan has already failed to settle it

What to expect

Preparation is the same as for any contrast CT: an IV, some hours without food, and questions about kidney function and past reactions to iodine. The difference the patient notices is time on the table. Instead of one pass there are two or more, with a pause in between while the dye circulates, so the appointment runs longer and the total radiation dose is higher than for a single-phase study. The scanning itself is still painless, and the injection produces the same brief flush of warmth and metallic taste.

Questions worth asking

  • This is a single code covering all the passes. If my bill shows a separate charge for a scan with contrast and another without, on the same date, is that a duplicate?
  • Would a single-phase scan have answered the same question more cheaply, and was that option considered?
  • Multi-phase studies take longer to read. Is the radiologist's interpretation priced differently from a routine abdominal CT read?
  • If this is a repeat look at something already imaged elsewhere, can the prior study be obtained and compared instead of rescanning?

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