Abdominal X-ray Series (acute, with chest view)

The acute abdominal series is a set of X-rays taken in more than one body position — lying down, and upright or on the side — plus a single chest view. Changing position is the whole point: gas and fluid move, and where they settle is what reveals a blocked or perforated bowel. It is usually ordered urgently for sudden, severe abdominal pain.

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What it is

A single flat picture of the abdomen shows the outlines of bowel, the shadows of liver and kidneys, and the lower spine. What it cannot show is which way things are pointing, and in an acute abdomen that is exactly the information needed. Gas rises and fluid sinks, so taking the same abdomen lying flat and then upright — or, if someone is too unwell to stand, lying on one side — turns gas into a diagnostic marker. Loops of bowel with flat fluid levels stacked in them suggest an obstruction. The chest view included in the series is not about the lungs: taken upright, it is the most sensitive plain film for a thin crescent of free air trapped under the diaphragm, which is the sign of a perforation.

Why it is done

  • To evaluate sudden, severe abdominal pain in the emergency setting
  • To look for a bowel obstruction, using the pattern of gas and fluid levels across the different positions
  • To look for free air outside the bowel, the sign that something has perforated
  • To investigate persistent unexplained vomiting
  • To check the position of a feeding tube or a drainage tube

What to expect

There is no preparation, which is part of why it is used in emergencies. You undress to a gown and remove metal. The technologist takes one exposure with you flat on your back on the table, then repositions you — standing or sitting upright against a plate if you can manage it, or rolled onto your side and given several minutes to lie there so gas has time to move before the exposure. The chest view is taken upright. Each exposure asks for a held breath and stillness. The whole series usually takes ten to fifteen minutes, longer if moving is painful. Plain films often narrow the question rather than settle it, and a CT of the abdomen frequently follows.

Questions worth asking

  • Will a CT of the abdomen be ordered regardless? If so, ask whether this series adds anything before both appear on the bill.
  • Is the chest view part of this code's price, or billed as its own chest X-ray?
  • In the emergency department, the facility charge usually dwarfs the imaging — what level is this visit being billed at?
  • If the films are repeated over the next day or two to follow an obstruction, is each set charged at full price?

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